Laboratory test normal reference ranges in adults
The test ranges listed below represent reference ranges for normal values in nonpregnant adults of common laboratory tests, represented in US traditional units followed by equivalent values in Système International (SI) units.
These data are derived from and reproduced with permission from the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) and are also available on their website. © Copyright 2020 American Board of Internal Medicine.
Ranges for normal values vary depending on patient populations and test assays used. In some cases, the values presented here may differ from ranges reported from a local laboratory.
Interpretation of a specific abnormal test result should be based upon the laboratory-specific normal value reported for that result. Clinicians should speak with personnel from the laboratory that performed the testing if they have concerns or questions about reference ranges provided with a laboratory result.
REFERENCE RANGES
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), serum
●(See 'Vitamin D metabolites, serum' below.)
17-hydroxyprogesterone, serum
●Female, follicular: Less than 80 ng/dL ; less than 2.5 nmol/L (SI)
●Female, luteal: Less than 285 ng/dL ; less than 9 nmol/L (SI)
●Female, postmenopausal: Less than 51 ng/dL ; less than 1.6 nmol/L (SI)
●Male (adult): Less than 220 ng/dL ; less than 7 nmol/L (SI)
25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol), serum
●(See 'Vitamin D metabolites, serum' below.)
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, urine
●2 to 9 mg/24 hr ; 10 to 47 micromol/24 hr (SI)
A1C (hemoglobin A1C, glycohemoglobin)
●4 to 5.6 percent ; 20.2 to 37.7 mmol/mol (SI)
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
●2000 to 8250/microL ; 2 to 8.25 x 109/L (SI)
Acid phosphatase, serum
●Total: 0.5 to 2 (Bodansky) units/mL
●Prostatic fraction: 0.1 to 0.4 units/mL
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
●25 to 35 seconds
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), plasma
●10 to 60 pg/mL ; 2.2 to 13.2 pmol/L (SI)
Albumin, serum
●3.5 to 5.5 g/dL ; 35 to 55 g/L (SI)
Albumin, urine
●Less than 25 mg/24 hr
Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, urine
●Less than 30 mg/g
Aldolase, serum
●0.8 to 3 international units/mL
Aldosterone, plasma
●Supine or seated: Less than or equal to 10 ng/dL ; less than or equal to 0.3 nmol/L (SI)
●Standing: Less than or equal to 21 ng/dL ; less than or equal to 0.6 nmol/L (SI)
●Low-sodium diet (supine): Less than or equal to 30 ng/dL ; less than or equal to 0.8 nmol/L (SI)
Aldosterone, urine
●5 to 19 microg/24 hr ; 13.8 to 52.6 nmol/d (SI)
Alkaline phosphatase, serum
●30 to 120 units/L
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), serum
●150 to 350 mg/dL ; 1.5 to 3.5 g/L or 27.6 to 64.5 micromol/L (SI)
Alpha-fetoprotein, serum
●Less than 10 ng/mL ; less than 10 microg/L (SI)
Aminotransferase, serum alanine (ALT, SGPT)
●10 to 40 units/L
Aminotransferase, serum aspartate (AST, SGOT)
●10 to 40 units/L
Ammonia, blood
●40 to 70 microg/dL ; 23.5 to 41.1 micromol/L (SI)
Amylase, serum
●25 to 125 units/L (80 to 180 [Somogyi] units/dL)
Androstenedione, serum
●Female: 30 to 200 ng/dL ; 1 to 7 nmol/L (SI)
●Male: 40 to 150 ng/dL ; 1.4 to 5.2 nmol/L (SI)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme, serum
●8 to 53 units/L
Anion gap, serum
●7 to 13 mEq/L ; 7 to 13 mmol/L (SI)
Antimyeloperoxidase antibodies
●Less than 1 unit/mL
Antinuclear antibodies
●1:40 or less
Antismooth muscle antibodies
●1:80 or less
Antistreptolysin O titer
●Less than 200 Todd units
Antithrombin activity
●80 to 120 percent
Antithyroglobulin antibodies
●Less than 20 units/mL
Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies
●Less than 2 units/mL
Arterial blood gas studies (patient breathing room air)
●pH: 7.38 to 7.44
●PaCO2: 38 to 42 mmHg ; 5.1 to 5.6 kPa (SI)
●PaO2: 75 to 100 mmHg ; 10 to 13.3 kPa(SI)
●Bicarbonate: 23 to 26 mEq/L ; 23 to 26 mmol/L (SI)
●Oxygen saturation: 95 percent or greater
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), blood
●0.4 to 1.5 mg/dL ; 22.7 to 85.2 micromol/L (SI)
Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), serum
●Female, premenopausal nonpregnant: Less than 1 milli-international unit/mL ; less than 1 international unit/L (SI)
●Female, postmenopausal: Less than 7 milli-international units/mL ; less than 7 international units/L (SI)
●Male: Less than 1.4 milli-international units/mL ; less than 1.4 international units/L (SI)
Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), urine
●Less than 2 milli-international units/24 hr
Beta-hydroxybutyrate, serum
●Less than 4.2 mg/dL ; less than 0.4 mmol/L (SI)
Bicarbonate, serum
●23 to 28 mEq/L ; 23 to 28 mmol/L (SI)
Bilirubin, serum
●Total: 0.3 to 1 mg/dL ; 5.1 to 17.1 micromol/L (SI)
●Direct: 0.1 to 0.3 mg/dL ; 1.7 to 5.1 micromol/L (SI)
●Indirect: 0.2 to 0.7 mg/dL ; 3.4 to 12 micromol/L (SI)
Bleeding time (template)
●Less than eight minutes
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum or plasma
●8 to 20 mg/dL ; 2.9 to 7.1 mmol/L (SI)
B-type natriuretic peptide, plasma
●Less than 100 pg/mL ; Less than 28 pmol/L (SI)
C peptide, serum
●0.8 to 3.1 ng/mL ; 0.3 to 1 nmol/L (SI)
Calcitonin, serum
●Female: 5 pg/mL or less ; 1.5 pmol/L or less (SI)
●Male: 10 pg/mL or less ; 2.9 pmol/L or less (SI)
Calcium, ionized, serum
●4.5 to 4.9 mg/dL; 1.12 to 1.23 mmol/L (SI)
Calcium, serum
●8.6 to 10.2 mg/dL ; 2.2 to 2.6 mmol/L (SI)
Calcium, urine
●Female: Less than 250 mg/24 hr ; less than 6.3 mmol/d (SI)
●Male: Less than 300 mg/24 hr ; less than 7.5 mmol/d (SI)
Carbon dioxide, serum
●23 to 30 mEq/L ; 23 to 30 mmol/L (SI)
Carboxyhemoglobin, blood
●Less than 5 percent
Carcinoembryonic antigen, plasma
●Less than 2.5 ng/mL ; less than 2.5 microg/L (SI)
Carotene, serum
●75 to 300 microg/dL ; 1.4 to 5.6 micromol/L (SI)
Catecholamines, plasma
●Dopamine: Less than 30 pg/mL ; less than 195 pmol/L (SI)
●Epinephrine:
•Supine: Less than 50 pg/mL ; less than 275 pmol/L (SI)
•Standing: Less than 95 pg/mL ; less than 520 pmol/L (SI)
●Norepinephrine:
•Supine: 112 to 658 pg/mL ; 662 to 3890 pmol/L (SI)
•Standing: 217 to 1109 pg/mL ; 1280 to 6550 pmol/L (SI)
Catecholamines, urine
●Dopamine: 65 to 400 microg/24 hr ; 424 to 2610 nmol/24 hr (SI)
●Epinephrine: 2 to 24 microg/24 hr ; 10.9 to 131 nmol/24 hr (SI)
●Norepinephrine: 15 to 100 microg/24 hr ; 88.7 to 590 nmol/24 hr (SI)
●Total: 26 to 121 microg/24 hr
CD4 T lymphocyte count
●530 to 1570 cells/microL
Cell count, cerebrospinal fluid
●Leukocytes (white blood cells): 0 to 5 cells/microL
●Erythrocytes (red blood cells): 0 cells/microL
Ceruloplasmin, serum (plasma)
●25 to 43 mg/dL ; 250 to 430 mg/L (SI)
Chloride, serum
●98 to 106 mEq/L ; 98 to 106 mmol/L (SI)
Cholesterol, serum
●Total
•Desirable: Less than 200 mg/dL ; less than 5.2 mmol/L (SI)
•Borderline-high: 200 to 239 mg/dL ; 5.2 to 6.2 mmol/L (SI)
•High: Greater than 239 mg/dL ; greater than 6.2 mmol/L (SI)
●High-density lipoprotein
•Low
-Female: Less than 50 mg/dL ; less than 1.3 mmol/L (SI)
-Male: Less than 40 mg/dL ; less than 1 mmol/L (SI)
●Low-density lipoprotein
•Optimal: Less than 100 mg/dL ; less than 2.6 mmol/L (SI)
•Near-optimal: 100 to 129 mg/dL ; 2.6 to 3.3 mmol/L (SI)
•Borderline-high: 130 to 159 mg/dL ; 3.4 to 4.1 mmol/L (SI)
•High: 160 to 189 mg/dL ; 4.1 to 4.9 mmol/L (SI)
•Very high: Greater than 189 mg/dL ; greater than 4.9 mmol/L (SI)
Chorionic gonadotropin, beta-human (beta-hCG), serum
●(See 'Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), serum' above.)
Chorionic gonadotropin, beta-human (beta-HCG), urine
●(See 'Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), urine' above.)
Clotting time (Lee-White)
●5 to 15 minutes
Coagulation factors, plasma
●Factor I (fibrinogen): 200 to 400 mg/dL ; 5.8 to 11.8 micromol/L (SI)
●Factor II (prothrombin): 60 to 130 percent
●Factor V (accelerator globulin): 60 to 130 percent
●Factor VII (proconvertin): 60 to 130 percent
●Factor VIII (antihemophilic globulin): 50 to 150 percent
●Factor IX (plasma thromboplastin component): 60 to 130 percent
●Factor X (Stuart factor): 60 to 130 percent
●Factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent): 60 to 130 percent
●Factor XII (Hageman factor): 60 to 130 percent
●Factor XIII: 57 to 192 percent
Cold agglutinin titer
●Greater than 1:64 positive
Complement components, serum
●C3: 100 to 233 mg/dL ; 1 to 2.3 g/L (SI)
●C4: 14 to 48 mg/dL ; 0.1 to 0.5 g/L (SI)
●CH50: 110 to 190 units/mL
Copper, serum
●100 to 200 microg/dL ; 15.7 to 31.4 micromol/L (SI)
Coproporphyrin, urine
●50 to 250 microg/24 hr ; 76.4 to 382 nmol/24 hr (SI)
Cortisol, free, urine
●4 to 50 microg/24 hr ; 11 to 140 nmol/24 hr (SI)
Cortisol, plasma
●8 AM: 5 to 25 microg/dL ; 140 to 690 nmol/L (SI)
●4 PM: Less than 10 microg/dL ; less than 276 nmol/L (SI)
C-reactive protein, serum
●0.8 mg/dL or less ; 76.2 nmol/L or less (SI)
C-reactive protein (high sensitivity), serum
●Low risk: Less than 1 mg/L ; less than 9.5 nmol/L (SI)
●Average risk: 1 to 3 mg/L; 9.5 to 28.6 nmol/L (SI)
●High risk: More than 3 mg/L ; more than 28.6 nmol/L (SI)
Creatine kinase, serum
●Total
•Female: 30 to 135 units/L ; 0.5 to 2.3 mckat/L (SI)
•Male: 55 to 170 units/L ; 0.9 to 2.8 mckat/L (SI)
●MB isoenzymes: Less than 5 percent of total
Creatinine clearance, urine
●90 to 140 mL/min/1.73 m2 ; 1.5 to 2.3 mL/sec/1.73 m2 (SI)
Creatinine, serum
●Female: 0.50 to 1.10 mg/dL; 44 to 97 micromol/L (SI)
●Male: 0.70 to 1.30 mg/dL ; 62 to 115 micromol/L (SI)
Creatinine, urine
●Spot: mg/dL; varies
●24 hour: 15 to 25 mg/kg body weight/24 hours
D-dimer, plasma
●Less than 0.5 microg/mL ; less than 0.5 mg/L; <3 nmol/L (SI)
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), serum
●Female: 44 to 332 microg/dL ; 1.2 to 9 micromol/L (SI)
●Male: 89 to 457 microg/dL ; 2.4 to 12.4 micromol/L (SI)
Epinephrine, plasma
●Supine: Less than 110 pg/mL ; less than 600.5 pmol/L (SI)
●Standing: Less than 140 pg/mL ; less than 765 pmol/L (SI)
Epinephrine, urine
●Less than 20 microg/24 hr ; less than 110 nmol/24 hr (SI)
Erythrocyte count
●4.2 to 5.9 million red blood cells/microL
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren)
●Female: 0 to 20 mm/hr
●Male: 0 to 15 mm/hr
Erythropoietin, serum
●4 to 26 milliunits/mL ; 4 to 26 milliunits/mL (SI)
Estradiol, serum
●Female, follicular: 10 to 180 pg/mL ; 36.7 to 660 pmol/L (SI)
•Midcycle peak: 100 to 300 pg/mL ; 367 to 1100 pmol/L (SI)
•Luteal: 40 to 200 pg/mL ; 147 to 735 pmol/L (SI)
•Postmenopausal: Less than 10 pg/mL ; less than 36.7 pmol/L (SI)
●Male: 20 to 50 pg/mL ; 73.4 to 184 pmol/L (SI)
Estrone, serum
●10 to 60 pg/mL ; 37 to 222 pmol/L (SI)
Ethanol, blood
●Less than 0.005 percent (less than 5 mg/dL) ; less than 1.1 mmol/L (SI)
•Coma level: More than 0.5 percent (more than 500 mg/dL) ; more than 110 mmol/L (SI)
•Intoxication: 0.08 to 0.1 percent or greater (80 to 100 mg/dL or greater) ; 17.4 to 21.7 mmol/L or greater (SI)
Fecal fat
●Less than 7 g/24 hr
Fecal pH
●7 to 7.5
Fecal weight
●Less than 250 g/24 hr
Ferritin, serum
●Female: 11 to 307 ng/mL ; 25 to 690 pmol/L (SI)
●Male: 24 to 336 ng/mL ; 54 to 755 pmol/L (SI)
Fibrin degradation products
●Less than 10 microg/mL ; less than 10 mg/L (SI)
Fibrinogen, plasma
●200 to 400 mg/dL ; 5.9 to 11.8 micromol/L (SI)
Folate, red cell
●150 to 450 ng/mL of packed cells ; 340 to 1020 nmol/L of packed cells (SI)
Folate, serum
●1.8 to 9 ng/mL ; 4.1 to 20.4 nmol/L (SI)
Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum
●Female, follicular/luteal: 2 to 9 milli-international units/mL (2 to 9 international units/L)
●Female, midcycle peak: 4 to 22 milli-international units/mL (4 to 22 international units/L)
●Female, postmenopausal: Greater than 30 milli-international units/mL (greater than 30 international units/L)
●Male (adult): 1 to 7 milli-international units/mL (1 to 7 international units/L)
Fructosamine, serum
●175 to 280 mmol/L ; 975 to 1560 mmol/L (SI)
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, serum
●Female: 8 to 40 units/L ; 8 to 40 units/L (SI)
●Male: 9 to 50 units/L ; 9 to 50 units/L (SI)
Gastrin, serum
●Less than 100 pg/mL ; less than 100 ng/L (SI)
Glucose, cerebrospinal fluid
●50 to 75 mg/dL ; 2.8 to 4.2 mmol/L (SI)
Glucose, plasma (fasting)
●70 to 99 mg/dL ; 3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L (SI)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, blood
●5 to 15 units/g of hemoglobin; 0.08 to 0.25 nkat/g hemoglobin (SI)
Growth hormone, serum
●At rest: Less than 5 ng/mL ; less than 5 microg/L (SI)
●Response to provocative stimuli: Greater than 7 ng/mL ; greater than 7 microg/L (SI)
Haptoglobin, serum
●83 to 267 mg/dL ; 830 to 2670 mg/L (SI)
Hematocrit, blood
●Female: 37 to 47 percent
●Male: 42 to 50 percent
Hemoglobin, blood
●Female: 12 to 16 g/dL ; 120 to 160 g/L (SI)
●Male: 14 to 18 g/dL ; 140 to 180 g/L (SI)
Hemoglobin fractionation
●HbA: 96 to 98 percent
●HbA2: 1.5 to 3.5 percent
●HbF: Less than 1 percent
Heparin-platelet factor 4 antibody, serum
●Positive: Greater than 0.4 optical density units
Homocysteine, plasma
●0.68 to 2 mg/L; 5 to 15 micromol/L (SI)
Immunoglobulins, serum
●Immunoglobulin A: 90 to 325 mg/dL ; 0.9 to 3.3 g/L (SI)
●Immunoglobulin E: Less than 380 international units/mL ; less than 0.9 g/L (SI)
●Immunoglobulin G: 800 to 1500 mg/dL ; 8 to 15 g/L (SI)
●Immunoglobulin M: 45 to 150 mg/dL ; 0.5 to 1.5 g/L (SI)
Insulin, serum (fasting)
●Less than 20 microunits/mL ; less than 138.9 pmol/L (SI)
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; somatomedin-C), serum
●Ages 16 to 24: 182 to 780 ng/mL ; 23.8 to 102.2 nmol/L (SI)
●Ages 25 to 39: 114 to 492 ng/mL ; 14.9 to 64.5 nmol/L (SI)
●Ages 40 to 54: 90 to 360 ng/mL ; 11.8 to 47.2 nmol/L (SI)
●Ages 55 and older: 71 to 290 ng/mL ; 9.3 to 38 nmol/L (SI)
Iron, serum
●50 to 150 microg/dL ; 9 to 27 micromol/L (SI)
Iron-binding capacity, serum (total)
●250 to 310 microg/dL ; 44.8 to 55.5 micromol/L (SI)
Lactate dehydrogenase, serum
●80 to 225 units/L ; 1.3 to 3.8 mckat/L (SI)
Lactate, arterial blood
●Less than 12 mg/dL; less than 1.3 mmol/L (less than 1.3 mEq/L) (SI)
Lactate, serum or plasma
●6.3 to 18.9 mg/dL; 0.7 to 2.1 mmol/L (SI)
Lactate, venous blood
●6 to 16 mg/dL ; 0.7 to 1.8 mmol/L (0.7 to 1.8 mEq/L) (SI)
Lactic acid, serum
●6 to 19 mg/dL ; 0.7 to 2.1 mmol/L (SI)
Lead, blood
●15 to 40 microg/dL ; 0.7 to 1.9 micromol/L (SI)
Leukocyte count
●4000 to 11,000/microL ; 4.5 to 11 x 109/L (SI)
•Segmented neutrophils: 50 to 70 percent
•Band forms: 0 to 5 percent
•Lymphocytes: 30 to 45 percent
•Monocytes: 0 to 6 percent
•Basophils: 0 to 1 percent
•Eosinophils: 0 to 3 percent
Lipase, serum
●10 to 140 units/L ; 0.2 to 2.3 mckat/L (SI)
Lipoprotein(a), serum
●Desirable: Less than 30 mg/dL ; less than 0.8 mmol (SI)
Lithium, plasma
●Therapeutic: 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L ; 0.6 to 1.2 mmol/L (SI)
●Toxic level: Greater than 2 mEq/L ; greater than 2 mmol/L (SI)
Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum
●Female, follicular/luteal: 1 to 12 milli-international units/mL ; 1 to 12 international units/L (SI)
●Female, midcycle peak: 9 to 80 milli-international units/mL ; 9 to 80 international units/L (SI)
●Female, postmenopausal: Greater than 30 milli-international units/mL ; greater than 30 international units/L (SI)
●Male (adult): 2 to 9 milli-international units/mL ; 2 to 9 international units/L (SI)
Lymphocyte subsets
●CD3: 900 to 3245 cells/microL ; 0.9 to 3.25 x 109 cells/L (SI)
●CD4: 530 to 1570 cells/microL ; 0.5 to 1.6 x 109 cells/L (SI)
●CD8: 430 to 1060 cells/microL ; 0.4 to 1.1 x 109 cells/L (SI)
●CD19: 208 to 590 cells/microL ; 0.2 to 0.6 x 109 cells/L (SI)
●CD56: 40 to 500 cells/microL ; 0.04 to 0.5 x 109 cells/L (SI)
Magnesium, serum
●1.6 to 2.6 mEq/L ; 0.66 to 1.07 mmol/L (SI)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
●28 to 32 pg/cell ; 28 to 32 pg/cell (SI)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
●33 to 36 g/dL ; 330 to 370 g/L (SI)
Mean corpuscular volume
●80 to 98 microm3 ; 80 to 98 fL (SI)
Metanephrines, fractionated, plasma
●Metanephrine: Less than 0.5 nmol/L
●Normetanephrine: Less than 0.9 nmol/L
Metanephrines, fractionated, 24-hour urine
●Metanephrine: Less than 400 microg/24 hr ; less than 2 micromol/24 hr (SI)
●Normetanephrine: Less than 900 microg/24 hr ; less than 5 micromol/24 hr (SI)
Myoglobin, serum
●Less than 100 microg/L ; less than 5.7 nmol/L (SI)
Norepinephrine, plasma
●Supine: 70 to 750 pg/mL ; 400 to 4400 pmol/L (SI)
●Standing: 200 to 1700 pg/mL ; 1180 to 10,000 pmol/L (SI)
Norepinephrine, urine
●0 to 100 microg/24 hr ; 0 to 590 nmol/24 hr (SI)
Normetanephrine, fractionated, plasma
●Less than 0.9 nmol/L ; less than 4.9 pmol/L (SI)
Normetanephrine, fractionated, 24-hour urine
●Less than 900 microg ; less than 4900 nmol/24 hr (SI)
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), serum or plasma
●Heart failure unlikely (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] >60mL/min/1.73m2): 300 pg/mL or less ; 35.47 pmol/L or less (SI)
Osmolality, serum
●275 to 295 mOsm/kg H2O
Osmolality, urine
●38 to 1400 mOsm/kg H2O
Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes
●Increased if hemolysis occurs in over 0.5 percent NaCl
●Decreased if hemolysis is incomplete in 0.3 percent NaCl
Oxalate, urine
●Less than 40 mg/24 hr ; less than 450 micromol/24 hr (SI)
Oxygen saturation, arterial blood
●95 percent or greater
Parathyroid hormone, serum
●C-terminal: 150 to 350 pg/mL ; 150 to 350 ng/L (SI)
●Intact: 10 to 65 pg/mL ; 10 to 65 ng/L (SI)
Partial thromboplastin time (activated)
●25 to 35 seconds
pH, urine
●4.5 to 8
Phenytoin, serum
●Therapeutic: 10 to 20 microg/mL ; 40 to 79.4 micromol/L (SI)
Phosphatase (alkaline), serum
●30 to 120 units/L ; 0.5 to 2 microkat/L (SI)
Phospholipids, serum (total)
●200 to 300 mg/dL ; 2 to 3 g/L (SI)
Phosphorus (phosphate), serum — Serum phosphate (PO4) is measured, but the result is often reported as serum phosphorus.
●3 to 4.5 mg/dL ; 0.97 to 1.45 mmol/L (SI)
Platelet count
●150,000 to 450,000/microL ; 150 to 450 x 109/L (SI)
Potassium, fecal
●Less than 10 mEq/L ; less than 10 mmol/L (SI)
Potassium, serum
●3.5 to 5 mEq/L ; 3.5 to 5 mmol/L (SI)
Prealbumin, serum
●16 to 30 mg/dL ; 160 to 300 mg/L or 2.91 to 5.45 micromol/L (SI)
Procalcitonin, serum
●≤0.10 ng/mL ; ≤0.10 microg/L (SI)
Progesterone, serum
●Female, follicular: 0.02 to 0.9 ng/mL ; 0.06 to 2.9 nmol/L (SI)
●Female, luteal: 2 to 30 ng/mL ; 6.4 to 95.4 nmol/L (SI)
●Male (adult): 0.12 to 0.3 ng/mL ; 0.4 to 1 nmol/L (SI)
Prolactin, serum
●Less than 20 ng/mL ; less than 20 microg/L (SI)
Protein C activity, plasma
●65 to 150 percent
Protein C antigen, plasma
●70 to 140 percent
Protein S activity, plasma
●57 to 131 percent
Protein S antigen, plasma
●Total: 60 to 140 percent
●Free: 60 to 130 percent
Protein, urine
●Spot: mg/dL, varies
●24-hour measurement: Less than 100 mg/24 hr ; less than 0.1 gram/24 hr (SI)
Proteins, cerebrospinal fluid total
●15 to 45 mg/dL ; 150 to 450 mg/L (SI)
Proteins, serum
●Total: 5.5 to 9 g/dL ; 55 to 90 g/L (SI)
●Albumin: 3.5 to 5.5 g/dL ; 35 to 55 g/L (SI)
●Globulin: 2 to 3.5 g/dL ; 20 to 35 g/L (SI)
•Alpha1: 0.2 to 0.4 g/dL ; 2 to 4 g/L (SI)
•Alpha2: 0.5 to 0.9 g/dL ; 5 to 9 g/L (SI)
•Beta: 0.6 to 1.1 g/dL ; 6 to 11 g/L (SI)
•Gamma: 0.7 to 1.7 g/dL ; 7 to 17 g/L (SI)
Prothrombin time, plasma
●11 to 13 seconds
Red cell distribution width (RDW)
●9 to 14.5
Red cell mass
●Female: 22.7 to 27.9 mL/kg
●Male: 24.9 to 32.5 mL/kg
Renin activity (angiotensin-I radioimmunoassay)
●Peripheral plasma, normal diet
•Supine: 0.3 to 2.5 ng/mL/hr ; 0.3 to 2.5 microg/L/hr (SI)
•Upright: 0.2 to 3.6 ng/mL/hr ; 0.2 to 3.6 microg/L/hr (SI)
Reptilase time
●10 to 12 seconds
Reticulocyte count
●0.5 to 1.5 percent of red blood cells
Reticulocyte count, absolute
●25,000 to 100,000/microL ; 25 to 100 x 109/L (SI)
Rheumatoid factor (nephelometry)
●Less than 24 international units/mL
Rheumatoid factor, latex test for
●1:80 or less
Ristocetin cofactor activity of plasma
●50 to 150 percent
Russell viper venom time, dilute
●33 to 44 seconds
Sodium, fecal
●Less than 10 mEq/L ; less than 10 mmol/L (SI)
Sodium, serum
●136 to 145 mEq/L ; 136 to 145 mmol/L (SI)
Specific gravity, urine
●1.002 to 1.03
T lymphocyte count, CD4
●530 to 1570/microL
Testosterone, serum
●Female: 18 to 54 ng/dL ; 0.6 to 1.9 nmol/L (SI)
●Male: 291 to 1100 ng/dL ; 10.1 to 38.2 nmol/L (SI)
Testosterone, free, serum
●Male: 70 to 300 pg/mL ; 243 to 1040 pmol/L (SI)
Thrombin time
●17 to 23 seconds
Thyroid function studies
●T3 resin uptake: 25 to 35 percent
●Thyroglobulin, serum: Less than 20 ng/mL ; less than 20 microg/L (SI)
●Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum: 0.5 to 4 microU/mL ; 0.5 to 4 mU/L (SI)
●Thyroxine-binding globulin, serum: 12 to 27 microg/mL ; 205 to 461.5 nmol/L (SI)
●Thyroxine index, free (estimate): 5 to 12
●Thyroxine (T4), serum
•Total: 5 to 12 microg/dL ; 64.4 to 154.4 nmol/L (SI)
•Free: 0.8 to 1.8 ng/dL ; 10.3 to 23.2 pmol/L (SI)
●Triiodothyronine (T3), serum
•Total: 80 to 180 ng/dL ; 1.2 to 2.8 nmol/L (SI)
•Free: 2.3 to 4.2 pg/mL ; 3.5 to 6.5 pmol/L (SI)
TIBC, serum
●(See 'Iron-binding capacity, serum (total)' above.)
Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgA
●By chemiluminescence method: Less than 20 AU
●By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): Less than 4 units/mL
Tissue transglutaminase antibody, IgG
●By chemiluminescence method: Less than 20 AU
●By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): Less than 6 units/mL
Transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic (SGOT)
●(See 'Aminotransferase, serum aspartate (AST, SGOT)' above.)
Transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic (SGPT)
●(See 'Aminotransferase, serum alanine (ALT, SGPT)' above.)
Transferrin saturation
●20 to 50 percent
Transferrin, serum
●200 to 400 mg/dL ; 26 to 50 micromol/L (SI)
Triglycerides, serum (fasting)
●Optimal: Less than 100 mg/dL ; less than 1.1 mmol/L (SI)
●Normal: Less than 150 mg/dL ; less than 1.7 mmol/L (SI)
●Borderline-high: 150 to 199 mg/dL ; 1.7 to 2.2 mmol/L (SI)
●High: 200 to 499 mg/dL ; 2.3 to 5.6 mmol/L (SI)
●Very high: Greater than 499 mg/dL ; greater than 5.6 mmol/L (SI)
Troponin I, cardiac, serum
●0.04 ng/mL or less ; 0.04 microg/L or less (SI)
Troponin T, cardiac, serum
●0.01 ng/mL or less ; 0.01 microg/L or less (SI)
Urea nitrogen, blood
●8 to 20 mg/dL ; 2.9 to 7.1 mmol/L (SI)
Urea nitrogen, urine
●12 to 20 g/24 hr
Uric acid, serum
●3 to 7 mg/dL ; 178.5 to 416.5 micromol/L (SI)
Uric acid, urine
●250 to 750 mg/24 hr ; 1.6 to 4.8 mmol/24 hr (SI)
Urobilinogen, fecal
●40 to 280 mg/24 hr
Vanillylmandelic acid, urine
●Less than 9 mg/24 hr ; less than 45 micromol/24 hr (SI)
Viscosity, serum
●1.4 to 1.8 centipoise (cp)
Vitamin A, serum
●32.5 to 78 microg/dL ; 1.1 to 2.7 micromol/L (SI)
Vitamin B12, serum
●200 to 800 pg/mL ; 147.5 to 590 pmol/L (SI)
Vitamin D metabolites, serum
●1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol): 15 to 60 pg/mL ; 39 to 156 pmol/L (SI)
●25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol): 30 to 60 ng/mL ; 75 to 150 nmol/L (SI)
Vitamin E, serum
●5.5 to 17 mg/L ; 12.8 to 39.5 micromol/L (SI)
von Willebrand factor antigen, plasma
●50 to 150 percent
Zinc, serum
●75 to 140 microg/dL ; 11.5 to 21.4 micromol/L (SI)
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